Used Still R70-20 Compact for sale (989)

Condition: excellent (used), Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2023, Forklift Battery 24V 2PzB200 Year of Manufacture: 2019 Dimensions (L x W x H): 660 mm x 145 mm x 685 mm Weight: 195 kg Tray: Steel Battery serviced and tested by a specialist company. Capacity test (C5 discharge test) 177/200 Ah battery Remaining capacity: 89% With Aquamatik Filling System (BFS) Cslik Rjv Sp Rdegfjgt With terminal screws but WITHOUT terminal connection

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 616 h, power: 1 kW (1.36 HP), total length: 2,070 mm, wheelbase: 1,420 mm, ground clearance: 25 mm, lifting height: 4,560 mm, free lift: 1,950 mm, mast type: triplex, fork length: 1,150 mm, fork carriage width: 720 mm, drive type: Elektro, load capacity: 2,000 kg, construction width: 800 mm, net weight: 1,277 kg, - Antrieb Elektro - Bedienung: Geh/Stand - Nenntragkraft: 2000 kg - Lastschwerpunktabstand: 600 mm - Lastabstand: 724/646 mm - Achslast mit Last antriebsseitig/lastseitig: 1213/2295 lg - Achslast ohne Last antriebsseitig/lastseitig: 1096/412 kg - Bereifung: Polyurethan - Anzahl Räder (x = angetrieben) antriebsseitig/lastseitig 1x + 1/2 (1x + 1/4) - Spurweite antriebsseitig/lastseitig 534/370 mm - Arbeitsgangbreite bei Palette 800 x 1200 längs 2503/2892 mm - Wenderadius 1620/2009 mm - Fahrgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last km/h: 4,0/4,0 6,0/6,0 8,0/10,0 - Hubgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last m/s 0,15/0,30 - Senkgeschwindigkeit mit/ohne Last m/s 0,31/0,31 - Max. Steigfähigkeit mit/ohne Last 8,0/23,0 % - Betriebsbremse Elektromagnetisch - Art der Fahrsteuerung AC-Steuerung - Schalldruckpegel (Fahrerohr) dB(A) ≤66 - Anzeige- und Bedieneinheit mit Farbdisplay zur Wahl der Fahrprogramme - Pneumatisch gedämpfte klappbare Standplattform - Integrierte Ablagemöglichkeiten - 2 Tonnen Tragfähigkeit mit Initialhub bei nicht genutztem Masthub - Griffoptimierte Deichsel für Links- und Rechtshänder Cgslijvfg Aqjk Rgfet - Zweistufen-Einstellmöglichkeit für besonders feinfühliges Heben und Senken - Energiesparprogramm Blue-Q - Leistungsstarker Drehstrom-Fahrmotor für sehr geringe Wartungskosten - Elektrische Lenkung: Drehstrom-Lenkmotor (AC) für besonders ermüdungsfreies Arbeiten - Proportionalventiltechnik für besonders feinfühlige Bewegungen - Voll gekapselte, schmutz- und staubunempfindliche Komponenten - Zugriffsberechtigung STILL Schlüssel - Lastschutzgitter - Batterieraum für Batterie bis 250 Ah für Batteriewechsel mittels Kran

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 6,689 h, load capacity: 1,500 kg, lifting height: 4,945 mm, free lift: 1,760 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,180 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-Wheel Forklift Load Center: 500 ISO Class: ISO Class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast Type: Triplex Condition: Reconditioned without warranty Technical Condition: Very good Front Tire Type: Super Elastic Front Tire Size: Brand New Black Front Tire Condition: 80 - 100% Rear Tire Type: Super Elastic Rear Tire Condition: 80 - 100% Battery Voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery Manufacturer: Reconditioned and tested Battery Type: PzS Cgolik Rov Ncmmogfet Description: Reconditioned, serviced, and tested according to FEM 4.004 (UVV) // Completely repaired and checked - without any warranty. Subject to prior sale. Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light,

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 8,231 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 6,170 mm, free lift: 2,100 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,610 mm, fork length: 1,150 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Gearbox: Electromechanical Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 200/50-10 Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 16x6-8 Battery voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: HSR Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2015 Description: In addition to this device, we offer other forklifts and warehouse technology devices. Our devices are workshop and FEM4.004 tested. Please contact us by email or by phone. You can also find us at hsr-gabelstapler Of course, we also buy your used vehicle, even if you don't buy a vehicle from us. Hire purchase & financing at favorable conditions are available on request. We will be happy to advise you competently and in detail about our vehicles. Side shift, Cgslik Revxxw Tsgfot 3rd valve, rear work light, front work light, full free lift, safety light, rotating beacon, single pedal, LED, seat,

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2005, Elektrostapler - electric Forklift STILL R20-18ISerial-No. R20-18I - Year 2005 Online-Video-Inspection by Skype-Video We would be very pleased with your visit - more machines on Stock Available Immediately - Can be inspect On Stock Emskirchen / Nürnberg - Can be test Cgslieh Axwpek Rgfst

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 516211G00866, Year of construction: 2016, operating hours: 14,533 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 5,600 mm, free lift: 1,900 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,450 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-wheel forklift truck Fahrgestellnummer: 516211G00866 Mast type: Triplex Cgelik Rgeuhxynofet Technical condition: good Battery Volt: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery year of construction: 2016 Description: Still RX20-16 No.: M0206 Year of construction: 2016 Operating hours: 14533 The device is visually and technically in good condition. Charger on request. Subject to errors and prior sale. If you have not found your truck, please contact us. We have a large selection of other devices on site. Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve,

Condition: good (used), Year of construction: 2018, fuel type: electric, Still RX20-16P Forklift Year of manufacture: 2018 UVV (new) Operating hours: 7852 Overall height approx.: 2.04 m Lift height: 3160 mm Free lift Side shift Fork adjustment With charger Cgjliov I Eb Djk Rgfst

Year of construction: 2019, operating hours: 13,899 h, Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, lifting height: 4,465 mm, free lift: 1,500 mm, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,125 mm, drive type: Treibgas, load capacity: 2,000 kg, LPG forklift ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Cgolik Rgev E Thysfet Description: Half cabin Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve,

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 516213E00629, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 8,664 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, lifting height: 4,500 mm, free lift: 1,600 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,100 mm, fork carriage width: 1,400 mm, fork length: 1,000 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,130 mm, net weight: 3,386 kg, Electric 3-wheel forklift truck Cgjlik Rsuh A Txogfst Fahrgestellnummer: 516213E00629 Load center: 500 Fork width: 100 mm Fork thickness: 40 mm ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tires Type: Superelastic Front tires Size: 200/50-10 Front tires Condition: 60 - 80% Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires Size: 140/55-9 Rear tires Condition: 40 - 60% Battery Volt: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery type: PzS Battery year of construction: 2023 Battery condition: 60 - 80% Description: Device is sold in good working condition. The device has already been UVV tested by our specialist workshop. Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, half-cab, 3-wheel, container-compatible

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 3,430 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,960 mm, free lift: 1,870 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,460 mm, fork carriage width: 980 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, total length: 1,944 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 980 mm, net weight: 3,057 kg, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Duplex Gearbox: Electromechanical Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 18x7-8 Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 140/55-9 Battery voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery manufacturer: Still Cgjlikovvd Dao Rgfot Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2018 Description: In addition to this device, we offer other forklifts and warehouse technology devices. Our devices are workshop and FEM4.004 tested. Please contact us by email or by phone. You can also find us at hsr-gabelstapler Of course, we also buy your used vehicle, even if you don't buy a vehicle from us. Hire purchase & financing at favorable conditions are available on request. We will be happy to advise you competently and in detail about our vehicles. Side shift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, heating, full cabin, full free lift, safety light, interior mirror, LED, 3-wheel, seat,

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2015, operating hours: 303 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, fuel type: electric, gearing type: automatic, overall weight: 500 kg, empty load weight: 276 kg, color: yellow, mileage: 303 km, first registration: 09/2015, suspension: other, number of seats: 1, driver cabin: other, emission class: none, fuel: electricity, The Still EXU 16 is a used electric pallet truck that is ideal for light to medium-duty transport tasks in warehouse environments. With a first registration on September 14, 2015, it has an operating performance of 303 operating hours and shows a mileage of 303 km. The pallet truck has a maximum load capacity of 500 kg and is equipped with an automatic transmission that enables easy handling. The device is in a used but functional condition. It is a yellow model with one seat and has had one previous owner. This truck is particularly suitable for small to medium-sized businesses, agricultural businesses or freelancers who need more efficient transport solutions within their business. Various purchase options are available for interested parties, which can also include a trade-in process. The vehicle can be viewed at any time during the stated business hours. Further information is available on the provider's website. Cslikotyz E Tj Rgfegt Sale only to traders (agriculture, freelancers, small and large businesses) or export. Subject to errors and prior sale.

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 1,869 h, load capacity: 3,000 kg, lifting height: 6,105 mm, fuel type: electric, construction height: 2,470 mm, Equipment: cabin, head guard, * Load capacity: 3000 kg * Height: 6,105 mm * Overall height: 2,470 mm Celijtruw Ssk Rgfjgt * Own weight: 5,969 kg * Free lift: 2,145 mm * Battery voltage: 80 V * Drive power: 15 kW * Empty weight: 4,013 kg -----Internal vehicle number: 9592----Subject to errors and prior sale.

Condition: good (used), Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, fuel type: electric, Forklift Still RX20 - 14 Cgolikev Iftmo Rgfst Year of manufacture: 2017 Battery: 2023 UVV NEW Side shift with charger

Year of construction: 2013, Condition: used, Functionality: limited functionality, fuel type: diesel, lifting height: 3,480 mm, free lift: 160 mm, mast type: standard, construction height: 2,500 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Diesel, load capacity: 4,000 kg, machine/vehicle number: 517071D00013, Diesel forklift Chassis number: 517071D00013 Load centre of gravity: 500 ISO class: ISO class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Standard Cgjlikov Dnqye Rgfet Condition: Limited operational capability Technical condition: poor Front tyres type: Superelastic Rear tyres type: Superelastic 3rd valve, 4th valve,

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 516213E00626, Year of construction: 2014, operating hours: 7,662 h, load capacity: 1,800 kg, lifting height: 4,490 mm, free lift: 1,420 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,170 mm, fork carriage width: 1,050 mm, fork length: 1,000 mm, total length: 2,000 mm, drive type: Elektro, construction width: 1,160 mm, net weight: 3,414 kg, Electric 3-wheel forklift truck Fahrgestellnummer: 516213E00626 Load center: 500 Fork width: 100 mm Fork thickness: 40 mm ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Cgslik Rjuh A T Ejgfjt Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: good Front tires Type: Superelastic Front tires Size: 200 x 50-10 Front tires Condition: 40 - 60% Rear tires Type: Superelastic Rear tires Size: 140x55-9 Rear tires Condition: 0 - 20% Battery Volt: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery type: PzS Battery year of construction: 2018 Battery condition: 80 - 100% Description: Device is sold with valid UVV. Battery is overhauled by specialist company and has approx. 90% remaining capacity. Necessary technical repairs are carried out in our workshop Sideshift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, Safety Light, 3-wheel, Blue Sport, chip key system, battery 90% overhauled

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 9,186 h, load capacity: 3,500 kg, lifting height: 3,700 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 2,525 mm, fork carriage width: 1,150 mm, fork length: 2,400 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 3 = 2,500 - 4,999 kg Mast type: Telescopic Gearbox: Electromechanical Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 23x12-12 Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 18x7-8 Battery voltage: 80V Battery Ah: 700Ah Battery manufacturer: Hoppecke Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2024 Cgoliovm E Rcok Rgfjt Description: In addition to this device, we offer other forklifts and warehouse technology devices. Our devices are workshop and FEM4.004 tested. Please contact us by email or by phone. You can also find us at hsr-gabelstapler Of course, we also buy your used vehicle, even if you don't buy a vehicle from us. Hire purchase & financing at favorable conditions are available on request. We will be happy to give you competent and detailed advice on our vehicles. Side shift, fork positioner, 3rd valve, 4th valve, rear work light, front work light, half cabin, safety light, interior mirror, windshield wiper, single pedal, seat,

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 5,380 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 4,910 mm, free lift: 1,730 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,160 mm, fork length: 1,200 mm, drive type: Elektro, Electric 3-wheel forklift Load center: 500 Fork width: 100 mm Fork thickness: 40 mm ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Triplex Condition: Ready for use and fully functional Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Superelastic Front tires size: 180/70-8 Cgelovy Nk Tsik Rgfjt Front tires condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires type: Superelastic Rear tires size: 125/75-8 Rear tires condition: 80 - 100% Battery voltage: 48V Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery type: PzS Battery year of manufacture: 2025 Battery condition: 80 - 100% Description: Device is new, serviced and new UVV removed, tires and battery are new. Side shift, 3rd valve, front work light, roof cover, windscreen, joystick,

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2007, operating hours: 3,020 h, load capacity: 1,400 kg, lifting height: 3,244 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: standard, construction height: 2,195 mm, fork length: 1,150 mm, drive type: Elektro, High lift truck Mast type: Standard Transmission: Automatic Technical condition: very good Front tires Type: Polyurethane Front tires Condition: 80 - 100% Rear tires Type: Polyurethane Rear tires Condition: 80 - 100% Battery Volt: 24V Description: Price includes new UVV test, the device is NEW painted, battery overhauled from BJ 2021 We are happy to organize a free transport for you. Celisr Ir R Eek Rgfsgt CE certificate,

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2000, Still CS 20 pallet truck Year of manufacture: 2000 Fork length: 2.4m with charger without battery If required, we can offer you a battery. Colispgmmbok Rgfogt

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 8,864 h, load capacity: 1,400 kg, lifting height: 4,920 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,160 mm, Visual condition: normal, Technical condition: normal Celik Rgoufldujfegt

Condition: ready for operation (used), Year of construction: 2012, Two almost identical Still pallet trucks are available. Load capacity: 2000kg, drive: electric, drive power: 2.3kW, max. battery capacity: 375Ah, lifting height: 2110mm, wheelbase: 1518mm, tire type: polyurethane, fork length: 1150mm. Machine dimensions X/Y/Z: approx. 2100mm/720mm/1300mm, weight: approx. 1100kg, operating hours 1/2: 4472h/4904h. Documentation available. On-site inspection is possible. Celik Rgeuby Aksfsgt

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2013, operating hours: 5,028 h, load capacity: 1,600 kg, lifting height: 3,620 mm, free lift: 1,600 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: duplex, construction height: 2,250 mm, fork length: 1,400 mm, drive type: Elektro, net weight: 3,186 kg, Electric 4-wheel forklift Load center: 500 ISO class: ISO class 2 = 1,000 - 2,500 kg Mast type: Duplex Transmission: Electromechanical Technical condition: Very good Front tires Type: Non marking Front tires Size: 18x7-8 Rear tires Type: Non Marking Rear tires Size: 16x6-8 Battery Volt: 48V Colik Rgeu D S I Hofsgt Battery Ah: 625Ah Battery year of construction: 2013 Description: Incl. charger Sideshift, 3rd valve, front working lights, roof cover, windshield, full free lift, Safety Light, Multi-lever, Single pedal

Condition: used, Year of construction: 2023, operating hours: 187 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, fuel type: electric, gearing type: automatic, Equipment: head guard, STILL RX20-20 with original 187h from 11/2023 !! AS NEW !! First commissioning: 11/2023 - 19% VAT deductible - Net sales price: 25,900.-¤ - 1st hand / 1st owner - Lifting height 4.50m - hydraulic side shift Kaup - hydraulic tine adjustment Kaup - On-board computer STILL Easy Control with - assistance systems, - operation, - load programs - dynamics,.....and much more - STILL Safety Light PLUS - Free lift / container capable - Rotating beacon - ID access authorization - Function key - Sun blind - Drive: Electric 48V, Aquamatik. - Load capacity: 2000kg Cgoliot D Ucrjk Rgfot - Triplex - Additional LED headlights: rear / front - Half cabin - Lumbar support - Seat heating - Back extension - Adjustable steering wheel - Windscreen wiper front - 4-wheel forklift / front loader - Further equipment and description see below - On request with exchangeable battery from 11/2023 Net - Export possible on request Opening times and further information: Viewing & purchase possible without registration: MON - THU: 9.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. FRI: 9.00 a.m. - 1.00 p.m. SAT: 9.00 a.m. - 12.00 p.m. Address: Tabakried 11 84076 Pfeffenhausen D- Germany If you have any questions: Christian Hirsch If you have any questions: Christian Hirsch Please try more often as we are often in a customer meeting. Please no emails / no emails can only be processed sporadically due to time constraints, thank you for your understanding! ----4-wheel electric driver's seat forklift truck of the Still RX 20-20L type Pulse drive control Diagnostic system Electrical/hydraulic control AC technology (three-phase current) Driver's protection roof Total hour counter - display (effective hours) Splash protection (protection class IP 54) Automotive-compatible pedals Separate operation of mast tilt and lifting/lowering SE tires SE SIT Conti Fork carrier ISO 2328, class/type 2A Fork carrier width 6 rollers-GT 980 mm Lock with key Fully suspended fabric seat with safety belt including backrest extension (headrest) mechanical lumbar support + seat heating Fork wear protection Frame option Windscreen including windscreen wiper/washer system, Access handle front left, Handle rear right Front sunblind Clipboard DIN A 4, with lighting Working lights at the rear in the vehicle contour 2 working lights at the top of the front on the driver's protection roof STILL Safety Light PLUS flashing light under the roof Panoramic mirror Operation of hydraulic functions mini lever (4 levers) Seat belt control Std 4km/h Electrical preparation for connection of data terminal (with voltage converter) 12 V/10 A cube plug Fork adjustment device with integrated side shift FleetManager access Shock detection Data transfer Double additional hydraulics for triple telescopic mast with full free lift Mud flap on the counterweight Tilt assistant for mast vertical position Battery plug connection on the vehicle side, 320 A, DIN 43589, Schaltbau LV, Battery equipped as a removable battery (including extended cable) Technical data: Basic load capacity 2,000 kg Load center of gravity 500 mm Speed with/without load 20.0 km/h Overall width b1 1,149 mm Total length l1 2,866 mm Working aisle width ASt with pallet across 3,390 mm Working aisle width ASt with pallet lengthways 3,516 mm Turning radius WA 1,678 mm Height above protective roof h6 2,035 mm Lifting mast version triple telescopic lifting mast with full free lift container-capable Lifting height h3 4,480 mm Free lift h2 1,410 mm Height retracted h1 2,060 mm Hei

Condition: excellent (used), Functionality: fully functional, machine/vehicle number: 511913J00025, Year of construction: 2018, operating hours: 1,235 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 5,430 mm, free lift: 1,830 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: triplex, construction height: 2,460 mm, battery capacity: 700 Ah, battery voltage: 48 V, fork length: 1,150 mm, tire condition: 90 %, empty load weight: 4,005 kg, Equipment: cabin, lighting, sideshift, Still FM-X 20SE Reach truck, year of manufacture 2018 with a Triplex mast, cabin & scales Details: Still FM-X 20SE Year of manufacture: 2018 Work hours (h): 1235 Mast type: Triplex Lift height (mm): 5430 Freelift (mm): 1830 Build height (mm): 2460 Attachments: Sideshift Lift capacity (kg): 2000 Fork length (mm): 1150 Weight (kg): 4005 Colikjvg A Uxj Rgfegt Additional hydraulic vehicle: AH1 Additional hydraulic mast: AH1 Front wheels: Superelastic Rear wheels: Superelastic Battery YOM: 2018 Battery capacity (Ah): 700 Battery voltage (V): 48 Accessories: Full cabin with heater. Front, rear & roof wipers. Scales. LED Front spot light. Flashing beacon. Comments: Full freelift.

Condition: used, Functionality: fully functional, Year of construction: 2017, operating hours: 3,026 h, load capacity: 2,000 kg, lifting height: 2,424 mm, fuel type: electric, mast type: telescopic, construction height: 1,855 mm, fork length: 1,150 mm, drive type: Elektro, Double-deck forklift Load center of gravity: 600 Mast type: Telescopic Gearbox: Electromechanical Technical condition: very good Front tires type: Vulkollan Rear tires type: Vulkollan Battery Volt: 24V Celiou D Tadek Rgfsgt Battery Ah: 250Ah Battery manufacturer: Still Battery year of construction: 2019 Description: Incl. charger Pulse control, initial stroke,